Prediabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. It represents an intermediate stage in the progression toward Type 2 diabetes and serves as a critical warning sign of underlying insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.

Prediabetes is highly prevalent and often underdiagnosed, as most individuals experience no noticeable symptoms. In regions with high rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles, including the UAE, prediabetes affects a significant proportion of adults and increasingly younger populations. Without intervention, a substantial percentage of individuals with prediabetes will progress to Type 2 diabetes within five to ten years.

The pathophysiology of prediabetes involves impaired insulin sensitivity and early pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. As insulin becomes less effective, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin. Over time, this compensatory mechanism fails, leading to rising blood glucose levels.

Diagnosis is made using fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, or oral glucose tolerance testing. Values falling within defined intermediate ranges indicate prediabetes. Early detection provides a valuable opportunity to reverse or delay disease progression through targeted lifestyle changes.

Management of prediabetes is primarily focused on non-pharmacological interventions. Structured lifestyle modification programs emphasizing healthy nutrition, regular physical activity, and weight reduction are highly effective. Studies have shown that losing 5–10% of body weight can significantly reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and supports cardiovascular health.

Nutritional strategies include reducing refined carbohydrates, limiting sugary beverages, increasing fiber intake, and adopting balanced meal patterns. Behavioral support and ongoing monitoring enhance adherence and long-term success. In selected high-risk individuals, medication may be considered to reduce progression risk, particularly when lifestyle changes alone are insufficient.

Prediabetes is also associated with increased cardiovascular risk, even before diabetes develops. Therefore, comprehensive risk assessment including blood pressure, lipid profile, and weight management is essential. Early intervention not only prevents diabetes but also reduces the likelihood of heart disease and other metabolic complications.

Recognizing and addressing prediabetes empowers individuals to take control of their health. With timely intervention and sustained lifestyle changes, progression to Type 2 diabetes is not inevitable and can often be prevented.