Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and dyspepsia are among the most common gastrointestinal complaints seen in primary care clinics across Dubai and the UAE. GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Dyspepsia refers to upper abdominal discomfort, bloating, or indigestion that may or may not be related to acid reflux. Lifestyle factors, dietary habits, obesity, stress, and irregular meal patterns commonly contribute to these conditions in the region.

Patients typically report heartburn, regurgitation, sour taste in the mouth, chest discomfort, bloating, early satiety, nausea, or upper abdominal pain. Symptoms may worsen after heavy meals, late-night eating, caffeine intake, spicy foods, or lying down soon after meals. In many cases, symptoms are intermittent, but persistent reflux can lead to esophageal inflammation, ulcers, or complications if untreated.

Primary care evaluation focuses on detailed history-taking to identify symptom patterns, triggers, and warning signs. Red-flag symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, unintentional weight loss, persistent vomiting, anemia, or gastrointestinal bleeding require urgent referral for specialist evaluation. In uncomplicated cases, diagnosis is clinical and does not initially require endoscopy.

Management begins with lifestyle modification. Patients are advised to maintain a healthy weight, avoid large meals, limit fatty and spicy foods, reduce caffeine intake, and avoid eating close to bedtime. Elevating the head of the bed and stopping smoking significantly improve symptoms. Stress management is also beneficial, as anxiety can worsen dyspepsia.

Pharmacological treatment includes antacids for quick symptom relief, H2 receptor blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid production. Short-term therapy is often effective, but chronic symptoms may require maintenance treatment under medical supervision.

Functional dyspepsia, where no structural cause is found, may be managed with dietary modification, prokinetic agents, or reassurance. Helicobacter pylori testing may be considered in selected patients.

In the UAE, high consumption of fast food, carbonated beverages, and irregular meal timing contribute to increased GERD prevalence. Primary care physicians emphasize preventive counseling and early management to reduce long-term complications.

GERD and dyspepsia are manageable conditions when addressed early. Through structured lifestyle advice, targeted medication, and ongoing monitoring, patients can achieve symptom control and improved digestive health.