Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI), commonly known as the common cold, are among the most frequent reasons for primary care visits in the UAE. URTIs are typically caused by viral infections affecting the nose, throat, and sinuses. While generally self-limiting, appropriate medical evaluation ensures symptom relief, prevention of complications, and rational use of medications.

Patients commonly present with sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, mild cough, sneezing, low-grade fever, headache, and fatigue. In the UAE’s climate, seasonal changes and air-conditioned indoor environments may contribute to increased susceptibility.

Primary care evaluation focuses on distinguishing viral URTI from bacterial infections requiring antibiotics. Most URTIs are viral and do not require antibiotic therapy. Overprescription of antibiotics can lead to resistance and unnecessary side effects.

Treatment primarily involves symptomatic relief. Hydration, rest, saline nasal sprays, throat lozenges, and antipyretics help alleviate discomfort. In some cases, decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

Children, elderly individuals, and patients with chronic illnesses may require closer monitoring. Warning signs such as high fever, difficulty breathing, severe throat pain, ear pain, or prolonged symptoms may indicate secondary infections such as sinusitis or otitis media.

Preventive strategies include hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, vaccination (such as influenza vaccine), and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

In the UAE’s primary care setting, patient education plays a vital role in managing expectations and reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. Clear guidance on recovery timelines and red-flag symptoms ensures safe home management.

URTI is usually mild and resolves within 7–10 days. With proper evaluation and supportive care, patients recover quickly without complications.