Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway condition characterized by reversible airway narrowing, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. In the UAE, asthma prevalence remains significant due to environmental triggers including dust storms, air pollution, indoor allergens, air-conditioning exposure, and seasonal changes. Mild to moderate asthma is commonly managed in primary care settings through structured monitoring, inhaler therapy optimization, and trigger avoidance strategies.

Patients with mild asthma typically experience intermittent symptoms, often triggered by exercise, allergens, or viral infections. Moderate asthma may present with more frequent symptoms, nighttime awakenings, and occasional limitation of daily activities. Early evaluation by a primary care physician ensures appropriate classification of severity and personalized management planning.

Diagnosis is based on clinical history, symptom pattern, and objective testing such as spirometry when available. Lung function tests assess airway obstruction and reversibility after bronchodilator administration. In many cases, diagnosis is supported by improvement with inhaled medications.

Management of mild to moderate asthma focuses on long-term inflammation control and prevention of exacerbations. Inhaled corticosteroids form the cornerstone of maintenance therapy. Short-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief during acute symptoms. For moderate cases, combination inhalers containing corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators may be prescribed.

Patient education is critical. Correct inhaler technique significantly impacts treatment effectiveness. Primary care physicians demonstrate device usage and assess adherence during follow-up visits. An individualized asthma action plan helps patients recognize early warning signs of worsening symptoms and adjust medications accordingly.

Trigger identification and avoidance form an important component of care. Dust mite control, smoking cessation, allergy management, and workplace exposure assessment help reduce flare-ups. Vaccinations, including influenza vaccination, are recommended to reduce respiratory complications.

In children, asthma management requires age-appropriate inhaler devices and parental education. Growth monitoring and symptom tracking are integrated into routine care.

Uncontrolled asthma may lead to emergency visits, hospitalization, or long-term airway remodeling. Regular follow-up allows medication adjustment and monitoring of lung function trends.

In the UAE’s primary care framework, asthma management emphasizes prevention, patient empowerment, and early intervention. With consistent treatment and monitoring, most individuals with mild to moderate asthma lead active, symptom-controlled lives.