Anemia is a common medical condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or decreased hemoglobin levels, resulting in diminished oxygen delivery to tissues. In Dubai and across the UAE, anemia is frequently identified during routine health screenings, pregnancy checkups, or evaluation of symptoms such as fatigue and weakness. Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent type, particularly among women of reproductive age, children, and individuals with nutritional deficiencies.

Patients with anemia may experience persistent tiredness, shortness of breath on exertion, dizziness, pale skin, headaches, or reduced exercise tolerance. In more severe cases, palpitations and chest discomfort may occur. Because symptoms are often nonspecific, many individuals remain undiagnosed until laboratory testing is performed.

Primary care evaluation includes a complete blood count (CBC) to assess hemoglobin levels and red blood cell indices. Additional tests such as iron studies, vitamin B12 levels, folate levels, and screening for chronic diseases may be required to determine the underlying cause. Identifying the etiology is essential for effective treatment.

Iron deficiency anemia may result from inadequate dietary intake, heavy menstrual bleeding, pregnancy, gastrointestinal blood loss, or malabsorption. Vitamin deficiency anemia may be associated with poor nutrition or absorption disorders. Chronic disease-related anemia may occur in individuals with kidney disease, inflammatory conditions, or long-standing illnesses.

Management depends on the cause. Iron supplementation, either oral or intravenous in selected cases, is commonly prescribed for iron deficiency. Vitamin supplementation addresses B12 or folate deficiencies. Dietary counseling encourages consumption of iron-rich foods such as leafy greens, legumes, lean meats, and fortified cereals.

In the UAE, routine health screening programs often detect anemia early, allowing timely intervention. Pregnant women require careful monitoring to prevent complications affecting both mother and baby.

Follow-up testing ensures that hemoglobin levels improve with treatment. Persistent anemia may require further evaluation, including referral to specialists.

Anemia is highly treatable when diagnosed early. Through structured assessment, targeted therapy, and nutritional guidance, primary care physicians restore healthy blood levels and improve overall vitality.